Wei luo ab, yong sheng khoo a, peter hacke c, volker naumann d, dominik lausch d, steven p. Potentialinduced degradation in photovoltaic modules based. This paper is focusing on potential induced degradation pid of wafer based standard ptype silicon technology once exposed to external potentials in the field. Pid can significantly reduce the power output of a photovoltaic pv module within the first year of operation, with. Pingel and others published potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels, ieee photovoltaic specialists conference, honolulu find, read and cite all the. The method has been experimentally tested on a set of panels that. Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels ieee xplore. Faq commercial solar what is pid potential induced degradation.
Potential induced degradation, either reversible or not, is present in all types of csi crystalline silicon pv cells and was first described back in the 1970s 2. Harvey c, jai prakash singh a, jing chai a, yan wang a, armin g. If some cells in a module remain at the original shortcircuit value, the modules short circuit value is. This potential degradation mechanism is not monitored by the typical pv tests listed in leg 61215 2. Jun 05, 2017 although crystalline solar power panels are often sold with 25 to 30year lifespan guarantees, those 30yearold modules wont be performing as well as they did on day 1. Nov 28, 20 in recent years, news about severe quality issues with pv panels have become more and more in quantity. Potential induced degradation pid sma solar technology. Potential induced degradation solar modules manufacturer. To that end, organic solar cells are manufactured and are then undergone a series of voltagedependent degradation and timedependent voltage degradation tests. Potential induced degradation of ntype bifacial silicon. Most solar power is produced using csi panels, meaning over 50% of solar capacity is at risk of pid loses. The factors that can cause pid include voltage, heat and humidity and most solar modules are exposed to the combination of these factors during their working life. There are increasingly often reports about mysterious output yield losses which are linked to potential induced degradation pid.
Understanding potential induced degradation padcon. Since solar energy generation is getting more and more important worldwide pv systems and solar parks are becoming larger consisting of an increasing number of solar panels being serially interconnected. In order to clarify the degradation mechanism, numerical calculations were performed in the case of thunderstroke, based on the maxwells electromagnetic equations. Since solar energy generation is getting more and more important worldwide pv systems and. Potential induced degradation power degradation due the exposure to an external potential external potential potential relative to ground high voltage stress power degradation caused by the exposure to a potential relative to ground, and dependent on its magnitude and sign two cases. This phenomenon known as pid potential induced degradation is characterized by the progressive performance deterioration of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, due to the presence of an electrical current induced in the module 46. Potentialinduced degradation at interdigitated back contact solar cells author links open overlay panelvolkernaumann. Aberle ae and seeram ramakrishna ab a solar energy research institute of singapore seris, national university of singapore, singapore 117574. Eu pvsec proceedings potential induced degradation of solar. Pid potential induced degradation quick and simple explained by padcon. Pid impacts the ions of a solar cell and results in the degradation of the output of that cell. Potential induced degradation pid is a potential induced performance degradation in crystalline photovoltaic modules, caused by socalled stray currents.
Introduction of a novel test approach and explanation 835 in this paper, a method to test the resistance against pid on the solarcell level close to. Standard silicon solar cells with a front side emitter may suffer from pid through massive shunting pids under high voltage stress conditions. Pid causes an accelerated degradation in performance which expands exponentially. Pid was first observed for sunpower modules with rearjunction ntype solar cells. Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels. In 2007, pid was reported in a number of solar panels from evergreen solar. Potentialinduced degradation at interdigitated back contact. However, the solar cells need to be exposed to high voltage stress hvs caused by a negative potential relative to ground in order to potentially cause any relevant pid in the field within the 25 years life time of a solar panel. What exactly is potential induced degradation in pv panels. Underperformance is the major result of potential induced degradation pid to the solar panels that you have invested on. Zafer2 1school of science and technology, international hellenic university, 570 01 thermi, thessaloniki, greece.
As a consequence panels are frequently exposed to high relative potentials towards ground causing high voltage stress hvs. What is pid and how can you reduce solar power loss. Physics of potentialinduced degradation in bifacial p. It should probably be potentialinduced degradation, which would mean degradation induced by the potential difference i. The potential induced degradation is one of the biggest problems for practical use of solar cell panels. A mechanism of potential induced degradation pid delay effect by ultraviolet uv light irradiation during pid test for ptype crystalline silicon csi solar cells was proposed in this work.
Letid is a form of solar cell degradation seen in the field and is. Detection of potential induced degradation in csi pv panels using. Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels, in proc. Potentialinduced degradation at interdigitated back contact solar. Testing modules for potential induced degradation a status. Having first been noted by schott solar ag in 2012, light and elevated temperature induced degradation letid has been shown to cause severe degradation in multicrystalline mcsi silicon cells, especially those using cell passivation technology, e. Detecting pid on a pv system by comparing output data, is difficult. It is widely considered that pid is closely related with the manufacture and application period of solar modules. Ideally, the solar panels are expected to last and display its optimum performance for 20 years. However, most of the photovoltaic modules already constructed are based on p. Almost all of the pv panels of a 60kwp pv power plant are affcted. Potentialinduced degradation pid is a failure mode in solar cells caused by voltage stress on the photovoltaic pv module. Testing modules for potentialinduced degradation a status update of iec 62804. Depending on the technology different types of potential induced degradation pid occur.
Potential induced degradation pid tests for commercially. Potential induced degradation pid has received considerable attention in recent years due to its detrimental impact on photovoltaic pv module performance under field conditions. This potential degradation mechanism is not monitored by the typical pv tests listed in iec 61215 2. Performance declines as solar cells experience degradation due to unavoidable circumstances like uv exposure and weather cycles. Join our panel of experts to learn more about pid and the methods for identification, mitigation and. High voltage stress toward partial pv modules seems to result in pid, because huge numbers of pv modules are serially interconnected in large pv systems. Potentialinduced degradation in photovoltaic modules. Potential induced degradation, reliability, inversion layer, solar cells, theoretical model. This work, for the first time, investigates an is based method for detecting potentialinduced degradation pid in csi pv panels. The solar cells configuration has an influence on the charge carrier density of the silicon used and the chemical composition of the antiglare coating. What is pid potential induced dagradation explained.
In order to determine the cause of this kind of degradation, numerical simulation by a finite difference time domain method has been performed for. Simulation suggests origin of potential induced degradation. The analysis is based on combined electrical characterization, electroluminescence and external quantum efficiency measurements, carried out on solar cells submitted to high pid stresses. Thin film modules no experiments so far in tandem or heterostructure devices. This is likely to be especially significant on unloaded panels, as the open circuit voltage is higher than any voltage at which power is supplied to a load. Jan 23, 2017 what is potential induced degradation. Test setups are presented for simulation of the pid in the lab and the influence of cell properties on pid is demonstrated in order to reveal the cell being the precondition for the pid. Statistical data on potential induced degradation pid testing at the panel level are discussed in terms of their field relevance and the actual occurrence of pid in the field, since the latter. Both crystalline silicon csi and thinfilm pv modules are susceptible to pid. Recovery methods for modules affected by potential induced. It is a process which occurs only a few years after installation. Sep 03, 2015 potential induced degradation pid is a phenomena that has only recently become a concern in the photovoltaic industry. Solar cells are well known as devices for sustainable electric energy generation.
Research article experimental analysis of the potential induced degradation effect on organic solar cells s. Pvmodule mit pid potential induced degradation youtube. Pdf potential induced degradation of solar cells and. Experimental analysis of the potential induced degradation. Pingel and others published potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels, ieee photovoltaic specialists. Potential induced degradation pid has recently been identified as one of the most important degradation mechanisms for silicon solar cells. Effects of diffusion process on potential induced degradation. The cause of the harmful leakage currents, besides the structure of the solar cell, is the voltage of the individual photovoltaic pv. However, until now the degradation mechanism correlated with hvs is not covered by the standard test procedures listed in iec 61215 3.
Pdf potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels. The scope of this paper is to analyze experimentally the potential induced degradation pid in organic solar cells. Pid potential induced degradation is a phenomenon that negatively affects the cells of pv modules. Potentialinduced degradation pid is a potentialinduced performance degradation in crystalline photovoltaic.
Nowadays the potential induced degradation has been brought up as an obstacle problem for practical use. This paper reports an extensive analysis of the potential induced degradation pid of ntype bifacial solar cells. The effect of hvs on long term stability of solar panels depending on the leakage current between solar cells and ground has been first addressed by nrel in 2005 1. Depending on the technology different types of potential induced degradation pio occur. However, in only 2 to 3 years time, potential induced degradation happens and solar panel deficit takes place faster. In the existing models the pid is due to the high voltages forcing the sodium ions to diffuse from glass through encapsulate and accumulating on the surface of cell. Potential induced degradation in photovoltaic modules. This effect may cause power loss of up to 30 percent. Over the last decade, potential induced degradation pid has been proven to be one of the major and most frequently occurring reliability issues of crystalline silicon photovoltaic pv cells and modules. Potential induced degradation may cause power loss of up to 30%.
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